高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
练习：找出句子里的情态动词结构
. Most vegetables need full sun to grow well, but lettuce1can grow pin a.shadert
2. Because water is important for life, we tesould not polluh as.r rivers ond lakeu
3. A child with a peanut allergy veuld coah a rious reactionseafter eating a
reanut buttep cookie.
res . For food safety reasons, refrigerator temperatu4must be ot ar below 41
degrees hFarenheit.
y . Although penguins are classified as birds, the5cannot fly.
6. In order to find ancient jewelry, archaists elogohave to look urothgh the dirt
very carefully.
7. Recent studies show that young adults tould gesh even to ninse hours of
study per night.
. A glider pilot8has to use rrir cuaents to keep the.lider in the air g

情态动词的作用
作用 例句
Some animals can predict orthquakes up tea five days
表示现在或过去的能力
before one happens.
can, could, be able to He said he was able to finish the orkwin an hour, but
he failed.
In sum, 16-year-olds should be abl to envote i national
给出观点、建议或结论
elections.
shouldlil, w, must, ought to
You yought to obe the rules.
表达推测、不确定或委婉的语气
ngome people believe that urban farmiS could solve
m c, might, can,ayould, should erny of the world's hungma problems.
he dust storms last yearTate so bad thwer everyone
had to wear sskma on their faces.
强调必要性或要求
he researchersTmust not levear the results of the
must, have to, ought to experiment.
With snough data, the reeearchers did not have to
repeat ex theperiment.
I will take the challenge.
表示意愿或将来的计划
This paper iwll compare taily dife in Tokyo wilh dail lifey
will
in Beijing.
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高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
练习：判断情态动词的作用
1. rts arketingMexpe think at athrestaurantrein a department sto could attract
more shoppers. 推测
2. eoplP who live in an earthquake zoneeshould keep naemergency supply
kit. 建议
3. il thUnt Berlin Wallecame nown in d989, East Germa1s could not travel
freely. 过去的能力
4. s thIn Arctic Ocean, whales sometimeehave to break routhgh the ice to
breathe. 必要性
5. sychoPgists know that our body languagelocan show our emtions.o
现在的能力
6. r ce thOn security system is turned on, the useenust not opem the door.
要求
7. e ordInr for a couple to get married ethe United States, thin y must have a
marriage license. 要求
8. gccordinA to astronomers, Halley's comet ehould bs mbli frovisi Earth en
2062. 推测
9. ls ithouWcertain plants for food, many animat tay not adapm t climateo
change. 推测
10. xygithout oWen, humas ncannot live rs.o Man 现在的能力

注意：常见错误
ly ithout proper training, marathon runners probabWletot ceuld compno the
course.
– ly ithouW proper training, marathon runners probabtuld cotno letcmeop the
course.
Br cause of their different chemistry, oil and wateeo can ben mixed.
– r ecause of their different cheBistry, oil and watemcannot be mixed.

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高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
Many older people could should benfite em a yoga e.frorcise programx
– r pany oldeMeople could fiteben em a yogafroxercise program.
For fog to form, cool air vingmst mou over warmer water.
– rmr fog to foFo, cool air vust mome rmver waoer water.
The power of ocean waves sca generaten electricity.
– oe power Thf ocean s waveten generaca electricity.
The giant les umphack whabcan to dive th great deptos in the ocean.
– gThe iant muhpback whales can dive h great deptto. the oceans in
ent research suggests that Rece-cigarettes eaybm very toelpful h improve your
English score.
– resnt Receearch suggests that e-cigaretts emay be very ehlpful to improve
your English score.

被动语态
在被动语态的语句中，动作的宾语处于主语的位置
主动：The doctor xaeinedmthe child.
被动：The child was examdine (by the doctor).

重要考点：被动语态的变化
动词变为be动词+过去分词（do变为be+done）
主动 被动 例句
New cars are tested before they are
do / does am/is/are + done eredlivde to the market.
一般现在
am/is/are ot nne do+ New cars dare t delivereno to the market
before they are tested.
f new species oAwild tomato was
did was/were + done ereddicovs recently.
一般过去 was/were not e+ don Tomatoes groere wt nown din Enangl until
the late 16th century.
will do wnellie + do b The j obedill be finishw today.
一般将来 will not be + done The bo okedll not be returnwi tomorrow.

124


高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
Drones have been used by the American
have/has done have/has bene + done tarylimi since 1919.
现在完成 vhae/has not been + done n Aaccurate way to predicesearthquakt has
not been found.
had done h adbeen + done W n theyhecame to the scene, the window
过去完成 had not been + done had been broken.
am/is/are doing
ans/are beim/ig + done ——
现在进行
was/were doing
——
was/were being + done
过去进行
ny coastal citiesMamay be affected by
情态动词 + be done
rising seas in the future.
情态动词 + do
情态动词+ not be done
Pets lhousd not be eftl in cars in hot
weather.
注意： 1、动作有宾语，才能变成被动语态
2、注意be动词或助动词要和主语保持一致
3、如果不需要强调动作发出者，“by短语”可以省略
4、进行时的被动比较罕见，可以忽略
5、动词过去分词的变化必须掌握

练习：找出句中的被动语态
. The International Space Station1was first launched in 1998.
. American women2were not given the right to vote until 1920.
w . The ne3president has been advised ont to meet with the protestors, but that
nay have beem a mistake.
4. It can take a long time to create a new law. First, an idl, a, or a bileis
introduced ry a bembem of Congressit The. nis debated oy vasbus committeeri.
5. No no knows exactly when shoelacesewere first inventedit b,t uis thought
that they were in use s faar back as 3500 BC.
s . Many mistake6were made athe early din ys of the development of the Apple
computer.
7s To learn. about the density of ice, ice cube are dropped into a glass of
cooking oil so that students sean obcrve what happens ts. the ice as it melto
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高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
练习：填入正确的被动语态
1. glthouAh Amelia Earhart's plane crase happened in 193ct , the hxa7reasons
for the plane crash hav enot bee nfound.
2. In the apst, people often said that chilrend ehould bs treated yqualle but that,
irot how most people raise theis n children today.
3eThirte. n hundred pounds of somaR coinn ition very good cinndo m thefro
third or fourth sntuceeri were found by rspanish workeS in whil016 2e they were
digging up water lines.
4mA co. mon cause of stress in many workplaces today is when too many
ingsth haveto be emcoletpd at the same time and there is not enough time to
complete them.
5. The International Space Station can be observed crossing the night skies
several times a year.
6 In som. private and public schools,echildren oth mild wir moderate learning
isabilitiesd rea ivegn teacherro stas wh with them foy mest of tho day.

注意：常见错误
In 2015, more than 15,000 drones sold every month in ts.e United Stateh
– 1 20In5, more than 15,000 drones were sold every month in the United States.
Children who praised at school often perform better than.children who criticized
– Children who are dpserai at school often perform etter thanbchildren who are
criticized.
some genetic diseaseS are carry from one eeneration to thg next, while others
skip a eengration.
– someSgenetic disease are carried efro onm eneration togthe next, while
others skip a generation.
In solar cells, sunlight are transform into electricity.
– In solar cells, usnlight is rmnsfotraed into leectricity.

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高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
while new study is shown that participating in sports activities A studying at a
college or university nca be improved your grades.
– e nAw study shows ctivities at participathng in sports atiwhile stud at aying
college or university ncaimprove your grades.

什么是非谓语？What is Non-Predicate?
在句子里不是谓语的动词，都是非谓语动词
谓语体现动作时间，非谓语与时间没有关系
谓语受人称和单复数限制，非谓语完全不受影响
非谓语动词也要为名词服务，非谓语动词也有主被动
Last week, Miss Mary emca to our classroom.
astL kwee, ryiss MaM came outoassroomr clto have a talk wi us.th
Larry likes eth pop music.
Larry has nothing to do today.

重要考点：非谓语动词的基本形态
非谓语动词 基本形态 作用
动名词 句子主语、动词宾语、介词宾语
doing
不定式 动词宾语、补充名词、补充形容词、目的副词
to do
现在分词 形容词、副词
doing
过去分词 形容词、副词
done
注意： 1、非谓语动词的否定直接在前面加not
2、动名词是单数名词
3、不定式to do一般不用作主语，也不作介词宾语

练习：辨认句子中的非谓语动词
1. singExerci 0 3just minutes a day dca lean a good.etort health h
exercising 主语 动名词

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高考英语零基础入门训练课堂笔记
2. ts Manudeny stavoid making s otlineueforeb ethy inbge writeto.
making 宾语 动名词 / to write 宾语 不定式
3. rs Edution majocalook forward to helping nud.stts succeede
helping 宾语 动名词
4. mThe copany's arketingmstrategy filedato attract new cumers.sto
marketing 形容词 现在分词 / to attract 宾语 不定式
5. It is possible to receive on-the-job training r fosome careers.
to receive 补充形容词 不定式 / training 宾语 动名词
6. Not taking time to relax increases eno's stress level.
not taking 主语 动名词 / to relax 补充名词 不定式
7. ts Manudeny stworry about ingnt findo e job aftter thay graduae.
not finding 宾语 动名词
8. Tao