单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲一、介词by的用法1．by表示方式、方法或手段，后接名词或动名词，意为“使用某物；靠；乘(车、船)等”。如：Do you learn English by reading aloud？你通过大声读来学习英语吗？I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。2．by表示时间，意为“到……时(为止)；在……以前；不迟于”。如：I have to go to bed by ten o'clock.我必须十点前睡觉。3．by表示地点或位置，意为“靠近；在……旁边”。如：The boy often reads books by the river.这个男孩经常在河边读书。4．by表示移动的方向，意为“从……旁边经过”。如：He walked by me without saying anything.他从我旁边经过，什么也没有说。5．by表示根据，意为“按照”。如：What time is it by your watch？你的手表几点了？6．by表示被接触身体的某一部分。如：She took me by the hand.她拉着我的手。二、动名词用法小结1．动名词在句中作主语动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。此时也可以用 it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。如：Getting up early is good for your health.→It's good for your health to get up early.早起对你的健康有益。2．动名词在句中作宾语动名词在句中作宾语时，一般放在某一及物动词或介词之后充当这一动词或介词的宾语。(1)后接动名词作宾语的及物动词：finish，enjoy，keep，stand(忍受)，suggest，advise，practice，mind，imagine 等。如：The tourists enjoy staying in Kunming all the year round.游客们喜欢一整年都待在昆明。Do you mind opening the window？你介意打开窗户吗？(2)动名词可作介词的宾语，包括以介词结尾的动词短语，如take part in，be good at等。如：Many young people took part in planting trees on Tree Planting Day.很多年轻人在植树节那天参加植树活动。语法精练Ⅰ.选词填空。1．Her mother goes to work by(on/by) bus every morning.2．The two kids practice spoken English by(by/with) joining the English club.3．Watching(Watch/Watching) movies is a popular way for many people to relax.4．As we know，it's not polite to keep others waiting(wait/waiting) for a long time.5．Jane，come in and sit by(between/by) me.Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。6．Do you often memorize new words by making(make) vocabulary lists?7．Can you finish doing(do) your homework before nine o'clock?8．Don't worry about making(make) mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English.9．Helping(help) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship.10．We have worked for three hours.Let's stop working(work) and have a rest.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，用by的相关短语完成句子，每空一词。11．I learn English by listening to tapes(通过听磁带)．12．Henry was sitting over there by the window(在窗户旁)．13．Shall we go by train(乘火车)?14．The trees by the river(沿河) are all very tall.15．John is afraid to stay at home by himself(他自己)．Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。16．我通过和朋友练习对话的方式来提高英语。第 1 页


I improve my English by practicing conversations with my friends.17．她认为读英语杂志是记新单词的最好方法。She thinks reading English magazines is the best way to memorize new words.18．多阅读有助于提高你的英语水平。Doing more reading can help to improve your English.19．他擅长弹吉他。 He is good at playing the guitar. 第 2 页