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苏教版一年级英语上册(译林牛津1A)知识点汇编一、基础知识1.字母：26个字母的大小写A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z2.语音：元音的发音5个元音字母：A E I O U12个单元音： 前元音：[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]中元音：[ɜ:] [ə]后元音：[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ] 双元音（8个）合口双元音[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中双元音[iə] [εə] [uə] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号二、语法知识名词：名词单复数，名词的格(一)名词单复数一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,
mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形：paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes并列名词中，如果把 's加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加's, 如：Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类(1) 不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange (2) 定冠词：the the egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk.
复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren't at school.在序数词前：John's birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况：专有名词前：China is a big country.名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.固定词组中：at noon at night by bus代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词形容词，副词：比较级，最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用：
两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾，加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。3. 不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级 1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)数词：序数词、基数词(1) 1-20one，two， three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one(3) 101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“,”，第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million，第三个“,”前为billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion 序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加 theg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth(2) 不规则变化one→first, two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数，变 y 为 ie 再加 thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词基数词转为序数词的口诀：
城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1) 表示"时段"、"时期"，在
多数情况下可以和 during 互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十
世纪)动词：动词的
四种时态(1) 一般
现在时：一般
现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be (am, is, are)+其它
。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行
为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当
主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉
语。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况
下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母 t, d, d.八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。ty 将 y变成 i，th 前面有个 e.若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn，midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1) 表示具体日期。注：(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：at (on) the weekend在周末---特指at (on) weekends在周末---泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节，应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?2) 在(刚……)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到
过去时: 动词
过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要
改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注
意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)④ 双写最后一个字母(此
类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规则动词(此
类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3) 一般将来时：基本结
构：①be going to + do;②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明
天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 现
在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词
现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing③ 双写最后一个字母的(此
类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting三、句法1.陈
述句
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies(2) 一般
定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2) 否
定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑问
句一般
疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes"，或“no”来回答。特殊
疑问句：以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头
引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes /no”来回答。3.There be句
型There be 句
型与have, has的区别1、There be 句
型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句
型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词
根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句
型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be 句
型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句
型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在ther
mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形：paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes并列名词中，如果把 's加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加's, 如：Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类(1) 不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange (2) 定冠词：the the egg / the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk.
复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren't at school.在序数词前：John's birthday is February the second.用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况：专有名词前：China is a big country.名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.固定词组中：at noon at night by bus代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词形容词，副词：比较级，最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用：
两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2. 形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾，加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。3. 不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级 1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)数词：序数词、基数词(1) 1-20one，two， three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one(3) 101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“,”，第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million，第三个“,”前为billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion 序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加 theg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth(2) 不规则变化one→first, two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth(3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数，变 y 为 ie 再加 thtwenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth(4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词基数词转为序数词的口诀：
城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1) 表示"时段"、"时期"，在
多数情况下可以和 during 互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十
世纪)动词：动词的
四种时态(1) 一般
现在时：一般
现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be (am, is, are)+其它
。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2. 行
为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。当
主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉
语。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况
下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母 t, d, d.八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。ty 将 y变成 i，th 前面有个 e.若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn，midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1) 表示具体日期。注：(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：at (on) the weekend在周末---特指at (on) weekends在周末---泛指over the weekend在整个周末during the weekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节，应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?2) 在(刚……)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到
过去时: 动词
过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要
改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注
意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)④ 双写最后一个字母(此
类动词较少)如 stoppedB、不规则动词(此
类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3) 一般将来时：基本结
构：①be going to + do;②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明
天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 现
在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词
现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing③ 双写最后一个字母的(此
类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting三、句法1.陈
述句
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies(2) 一般
定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2) 否
定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.2. 疑问
句一般
疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes"，或“no”来回答。特殊
疑问句：以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头
引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes /no”来回答。3.There be句
型There be 句
型与have, has的区别1、There be 句
型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be 句
型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词
根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。3、there be 句
型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。4、there be 句
型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。5、some 和 any 在 there be 句
型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在ther
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